What Is Neuropathy?
Neuropathy is a condition involving damage to the nerves of the body. It can affect nerves anywhere, but when it impacts the peripheral nervous system — the network connecting the brain and spinal cord to the limbs and organs — it is known as peripheral neuropathy. This condition is most common in the feet and hands.
Causes of Neuropathy
There are many possible causes of neuropathy, including:
Diabetes (the most common cause in the U.S.)
Infections
Injuries
Toxic substance exposure
Certain medications (especially chemotherapy)
Cancers
Autoimmune diseases and disorders
Vitamin deficiencies
Neurological disorders (like spina bifida or fibromyalgia)
Alcoholism
Aging
Hereditary factors
Arthritis involving the spine
Types of Neuropathy
Peripheral Neuropathy: Affects the limbs, usually the feet.
Cranial Neuropathy: Affects cranial nerves.
Autonomic Neuropathy: Affects nerves that control involuntary functions.
Focal and Multifocal Neuropathies: Affect one or several specific nerves.
Symptoms
Neuropathy symptoms vary depending on severity and cause but may include:
Numbness or loss of sensation
Tingling or “pins and needles”
Burning, freezing, or stabbing pain
Sharp or throbbing pain
Muscle weakness or paralysis
Poor coordination and balance
Sensitivity to touch
Excessive sweating or low blood pressure (in some autonomic cases)
In people with diabetes, neuropathy increases the risk of unnoticed foot injuries due to reduced pain sensation. Without treatment, this can lead to infections or even amputation.
Home Care and Prevention
Daily foot checks are essential, especially for those with diabetes, to catch injuries early.
Use a mirror or ask a family member for help if needed.
Always wear well-fitted shoes; avoid going barefoot.
Maintain good blood sugar control.
Follow a healthy lifestyle including proper diet and regular exercise.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves:
Medical history review and physical exam
Neurological testing
Blood tests (for diabetes or vitamin deficiencies)
Imaging (CT/MRI) to rule out structural issues
Nerve conduction studies or biopsies in some cases
Treatment Options
While there is no cure for neuropathy, treatments aim to slow progression, reduce pain, and improve function:
Treating the underlying cause (e.g., managing diabetes, addressing vitamin deficiencies)
Pain relief using oral medications or topical creams
Electrical nerve stimulation to improve nerve activity
Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and enhance coordination
Surgery, if neuropathy is caused by nerve compression
Regular foot care under the guidance of a podiatrist like Dr John Hoy in Seattle, WA
When to See a Podiatrist
If you experience numbness, tingling, burning, or pain in your feet, it’s important to consult a podiatrist. They are trained to diagnose and treat conditions of the feet, including neuropathy. Regular check-ups — at least once a year — are advised for those at risk, especially people with diabetes.